Armorial dish Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee essay

Armorial dish Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee article Armorial dish: Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee article Armorial dish: Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee essayArmorial dish: Supper at the House of Simon the PhariseeTin-coat enhancement stoneware presents a stunning universe of paints, decorations and structures. Albeit a few centuries have gone since maiolica picked up fame among the Italian craftsmans, the whole assortment continues intriguing and rousing today’s guests of the show. Here, fanciful and scriptural subjects are met one next to the other, and together this topical heading is known as ‘istoriato’ style. It's implied that historiated symbolism is fairly useful and useful. From one viewpoint, it is a huge social and verifiable source since it reflects significant occasions and realities of the past. Then again, the vast majority of the dishes satisfied a beautiful job, but on the other hand were utilized in family. Along these lines, maiolica additionally mirrors the family unit real factors and silverware subtleties run of the mill for Italy of th e sixteenth century. Combined with tasteful centrality, the realities recorded above make this select sort of designed stoneware incredibly alluring for the two experts and ordinary citizens. This investigation is planned to break down the appeal of Italian maiolica by the case of one of the most unprecedented works in the assortment, Armorial dish: Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee made by maestro Giorgio Andreoli in 1528.The subject of Armorial dish: Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee is given to one of the Biblical scenes, routinely known as the narrative of Jesus’ feet blessed in the place of a Pharisee. Jesus’ visit to Simon the Pharisee is portrayed in the Gospel as per St. Luke (New Jerusalem Bible, Luke 7.36-50). To be increasingly explicit, the plate presents a scene of a dining experience. One of the visitors is Jesus sitting on a divan. Along with a lady by His feet, He makes up a basic fragment of the work. They are not set in the focal point of the organization, still the spotlight is purposely made on them. The dish is a generally round plate, and the Biblical subject is set at the principle part of it. The round state of the plate makes a figment of a peeped scene, as though the watcher takes a gander at it through a round opening. Such a hallucination fills the work of art with a baffling charm and catches the viewer’s eye a similar second the individual in question comes in contact with it.The edge of the plate is, in the mean time, enriched with an impeccable decoration. The decoration incorporates intricately created grotesques, arabesques, and strapworks. The components of the decoration don't have an immediate association with the subject, however they edge the piece making it look finished and add the positive feeling to it.As it has been as of now referenced, the abstract hotspot for the subject is the Gospel as per St. Luke. It is composed that Simon the Pharisee welcomed Jesus to his home in spite of the regular disposition of this order to Him. Jesus couldn't decay the greeting since it was His standard to speak with all the homes. Simon was most likely determined by interest or had a will to advocate for himself through the demonstration of stooping support to a poor man. In addition, he most likely needed to test Jesus and get a proof of His misrepresentation. Subsequently, notwithstanding, he got his very own proof daydream. For Simon the Pharisee, Jesus was not among the regarded visitors, so he couldn't have cared less to furnish Him with conventional distinctions, for example, washing the feet and blessing the head with oil. While rest of the visitors were encircled by slaves’ care and furnished with comfort, there unexpectedly seemed a lady to take out the bad form. In that town, the lady was renowned for her wrongdoings. Driven by earnest feelings, Mary came to Jesus, washed His feet with tears, dried them with her hair and blessed with a costly balm from an ala baster cruse. While Simon discarded all the conventional kindnesses, Mary accomplished beyond what the most regarded visitor could expect: â€Å"I went into thy house, thou gavest me no water for my feet: however she hath wetted my feet with her tears, and cleaned them with her hair. Thou gavest me no kiss: yet she, since the opportunity I came in, hath not stopped to kiss my feet. My head with oil thou didst not bless: yet she hath blessed my feet with ointment† (New Jerusalem Bible, Luke 7.44-46). It is this second is fixed at the dish made by maestro Giorgio Andreoli. In any case, the full feeling of the scene can be seen just if to peruse the section further. Simon the Pharisee is normally struck by the occasion, yet considerably more is he struck by Jesus’ response of not pushing the evil lady from Him. As indicated by Simon’s rationale, Jesus would in general be a prophet, and being a prophet, ought to have seen who the lady was and ought to protect Himsel f from her mud. Simon made an end that Jesus couldn't comprehend who the lady was and this reality demonstrated to him that Jesus was an actor. Be that as it may, Jesus could undoubtedly peruse the contemplations of Simon the Pharisee and, accordingly, revealed to him an illustration about borrowers who couldn't pay an obligation to their leaser. God is a forceful leaser for all the individuals on earth and every one of them have a great deal of obligations to pay and realize opportunity to do it. In any case, Jesus clarifies that the obligations will be pardoned for adoration, and such individuals as Mary are the first to be excused in light of their earnest contrition and solid confidence. This subject gives basic material to considering vanity and self-importance exemplified by Simon the Pharisee from one viewpoint and dutifulness and quietude embodied by Mary on the different hand.As the dish is somewhat enormous (18 5/16 creeps in measurement), it is sufficient to convey such a mind boggling account organization and is additionally fairly advantageous in contemplating the picture. The creator of the dish obtained the piece from Marcantonio Raimondi’s etching of a similar subject. It is worth of taking note of that Marcantonio Raimondi’s etchings were somewhat famous as a hotspot for maiolica craftsmans, yet the armorial dish viable is viewed as one of the most unprecedented works of that time. The scene is hung with dim blue window ornaments that correspond with the garments of Jesus and Mary of a similar shading. There are two painted pieces on the divider, and they appear to be the two pieces of a similar work of art in light of the fact that their substance supplement one another. The dishes are on the table, and a little slave brings some more for the visitors. The scene would be customary if the lady didn't do such an extraordinary respect to the least regarded visitor of the house. Accordingly, the general impression of the dish can tu rn out to be fairly solid if a watcher discovers quality and wish to go further into its sense. One can even assume that the draperies confining the story are intended for the watcher to go to the behind the stage covered up in the book of the New Testament of the Bible.Since the work is entitled as an armorial dish, it obviously implies that the dish didn't have an utilitarian significance, yet was a significant part of the patron’s escutcheons (heraldry). It appears not to be utilized in family unit, however to have an incredible embellishing importance for its lord and further proprietor. Then again, the subject of the item incorporates a scene of supper time and being assessed by its surface could undoubtedly go with an amazing supper or a formal banquet. The more clear the relationship between the supper time and the traditional motivation behind a dish, the more grounded the complexity between early introduction and the genuine significance of the subject.All taking all things together, Armorial dish: Supper at the House of Simon the Pharisee is a smooth case of how painting on earthenware can have a significant effect on a watcher. No assembling can be contrasted and make creation of enhancing expressions like that introduced in this assortment. Possibly brilliant and silver silverware could be progressively costly and aware, however this sort of creation has demonstrated its own rewards. It could be either utilitarian or enriching, yet more frequently majolica assumed both of the jobs, so it makes the assortment of tin-coat brightened ceramics important and instructive.

Definition of Collective Noun

Meaning of Collective Noun Definition: A particular thing that represents a gathering of things or creatures. In both English and Spanish, aggregate things are normally utilized when alluding to gatherings of creatures, for example, a herd of sheep (un rebaã ±o de ovejas) and a school of fish (un banco de peces). In any case, they are utilized in numerous different settings too. It is entirely expected to follow an aggregate thing with the relational word of (de in Spanish) and a plural thing, as in the two models above, yet it isn't vital, particularly when the significance is obvious from the specific situation. In standard English, aggregate things, when the subject of a sentence, are regularly utilized with a solitary action word: The class of understudies concentrates hard. In Spanish, an action word that quickly follows an aggregate thing is solitary: La gente tiene mucho dinero. (The individuals have a great deal of cash. Note this is a case of a Spanish particular thing that typically requires a plural interpretation in English.) But when there is a plural thing between the aggregate thing and action word, either a solitary or plural action word can be utilized in ordinary discourse and composing, with the plural action word presumably being increasingly normal. In this manner you may hear both La bandada de pjaros se acercã ³ (The group of winged animals drew nearer, solitary action word) and La bandada de pjaros se acercarã ³n (The herd of feathered creatures drew nearer, plural action word), with no apparent contrast in significance. Otherwise called: Nombre colectivo in Spanish. Models: gathering of individuals (grupo de personas), group (equipo), a score of years (una veintena de aã ±os), nook of lions (guarida de leones)

My Application Story

My Application Story I have an interesting MIT “story.” It wasnt my first choice school until very, very late in the game. I first started researching colleges to build my list in August of my senior year. We had done the campus visitsâ€"the Eastern seaboard trip to hit the Ivies, the midwest trip to hit the Chicago and St Louis schools. Nothing really stood out to me until did more research on the University of Chicago. They are weird. Really weird. I liked it a lot because it stood out in its rejection of the stuffiness and pretension of the Ivy culture. Plus, I was confident I could get in, so I decided to apply early action. My dad went to MIT for undergrad school and was convinced that I should seriously consider applying, and hopefully attending, the institution. To me, at that point, there was nothing wrong with MIT. It was just my dads school, and he was pressuring me, so naturally I resisted his influence. I agreed to apply early action here, too, since thankfully both schools have non-binding EA policies. I put off the MIT application until the very last minute, and I tried to rehash as much of my Chicago essays as possible. But man, did I perfect the UC application. I relished their Uncommon Application, which is now, ruefully, a bit more Common. My essays were perfect. I knew I would get in. I was almost certain that I would get rejected from MIT, and I let my dad know. “You should have more confidence!” “Well, they should accept more than 13% of their applicants then, thank you very much.” I got accepted into the University of Chicago early action, and life was set for me. Two days later, I was deferred by MITâ€"no big deal, wasnt even considering it. I sent my deposit and housing application to Chicago within the month of December. Except then I got into MIT in March. This complicated matters considerably. It was family meeting time, and I realized how brash my decision was. My dad didnt force me to go to MIT, dont get me wrong. He just had me reconsider. So I did. I compared lots of things, made a checklist. We visited both universities, again. The schools were pretty much tied in terms of campus culture and workload. I want to major in economics on a pre-med track, and the schools econ departments are regarded highly enough that there wasnt a significant difference. So another tie there. In retrospect, I dont know why I was so gung-ho about Chicago. Every quality of that school is duplicated at MIT, from the sense of humor to the academic rigor and prestige. It may have been the pure oddity of the application. A coinflip would have been a worthy judge. At this point I went to my teachers and counselors to find an unbiased opinion. I learned that MIT has an acceptance rate to medical school one and a half times that of Chicago. Looking over the course requirements, it became clear that Chicago is a liberal arts school with a strong science department, while MIT is a science school with a strong liberal arts department. I liked the MI T approach better. And I guess in the end, its pretty cool that Im going to the same place as my dad. I have the chance to room in the same dorm, as well. In the end, Im extremely pleased with my decision, and Chicago was very nice about my rescinding the decision. They even gave me a refund on the deposit. Slightly over a month of classes later, and Im completely satisfied with my decision. Ive never felt out of place here, which was my main concern. Ive found quite a few organizations where I fit in and can talk about my interests with like-minded people. I thought I would be surrounded by geeks and nerds all the time, but I was really surprised by how normal most people are. Of course, there are some wunderkinds, and sometimes I feel woefully average, but thats a nice ego-deflater coming out of the top rankings of my high school. Nothing to get depressed over, really. I guess its clear that this is not the typical MIT application story. From what Ive read/heard, everyone has been living and breathing it since freshman year of high school. Is it ironic or fitting that I, a legacy admit, wasnt enamored until two months before the May response deadline? Any current students want to weigh in on their stories?

Indentation Of Childhood In Richard Rodriguezs Hunger Of...

Richard Rodriguez writer of â€Å"Hunger of Memory†, had given an imagery of his childhood in Chapter four: â€Å"Complexion†. Where Rodriguez use of figurative speech throughout the chapter, gives an indentation of his questioning as a child. Questioning his identity, skin complexion, and race growing up as a child and asking â€Å"what if’s† if he had experienced things as his father had. Also understanding why his mother had always sheltered him from the outside. Not allowing him to be outside for to long. Throughout pg 133 Rodriguez shows a very distraughted mind where he stares into the mirror, remembering the things his aunt had commented on dark complexion boys in the family. Rodriguez said: â€Å"I heard the swirling voices of aunts, and even my†¦show more content†¦I knew.† Rodriguez shows of his mother not wanting him to step out the sun, of getting darker than what his complexion already is. This causes Rodriguez to be shameful of his complexion as a child, due to what his mother was thinking she was sheltering him from. Making him to believe he will grow up as an ugly child. In the end of pg 127 Rodriguez said: â€Å"Dark skin was for my mother the most important symbol of a life of oppressive labor and poverty.† This memory had made Rodriguez understand to why his mother would always tell him to not stay in the sun for to long. As well as being proud of her children receiving their education because she did not want her children especially Rodriguez, to be perceived as the â€Å"los pobres† â€Å"los braceros†. â€Å"Los braceros† were the ones who have done labor work and would have their skin exposes to the heat of the sun. Yet Rodriguez had said in pg 137 â€Å" I would notice the shirtless construction workers, the roofers, and the mexican gardeners. I envied them their physical lives, their freedom to violate the taboo of the sun.† The sight of these workers had made Rodriguez envy them but he also wanted to denied what he had say from them, but the stronger he becomes to deny the idea, he becomes to desire it . In the final pages of the chapters, pg 148 149 Rodriguez becomes to accept his skin complexion from working in the summer with â€Å"los braceros†, by saying: â€Å"My

Questions on strategic perspective netcares international expansion - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5153 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Expansion of the business at the international level requires an analysis of various environmental issues, so that the firm can implement effective strategies and remove all the obstacles. At both micro and Macro level, there are numerous environmental issues that affect the performance of Netcare in Medicare Industry, which are as followed: Issues in the Micro Environmental: In order to understand the various issues at the micro level, the SWOT analysis would be fruitful: Strengths of the Company: Netcare has a wide range of patent over the medicines generally in mental health. Due to this, company has established itself as a strong brand name in Medicare industry, which is one of the strongest points that influence its performance in the international market. The company has created a good reputation among the customers through its services. Additionally the services provided by Netcare are of low cost in compare to its competitors and provides a wide r ange of services at a same place. Netcare provides its employees better facility to retain them. The shareholders are being satisfied with constant reputation in the market. Weaknesses of the Company: At the micro level, one of the biggest issues for the company that influences company is the lack of adequate ways for the patent protection. The Company is facing problems to protect its patent products from being duplicating in the market. Although the company has worldwide presences, but due to the limitations of resources, it has mainly concentrated in Africa and Europe. The company highly concentrates on the area of mental health, which restricted the management to focus on the other areas of Medicare industry. Opportunity for the Company: The Company can further go for RD to explore the future needs of medicine in the field of mental health. Implementation of advances technologies would help the organization to satisfy their patients well. The company should also focus on t he international market along with Africa and Europe. Threats for the Company: At the micro environment, some other important issues are substitute medicines and highly competitive environment. The business of Netcare is being affected by the substitute products available in the market. The performance of the company also stressed due to the high competitive pressure. Issues in the Macro Environmental: In order to understand the various issues at the macro level, the PESTLE analysis and Porters five forces analysis would be fruitful: Political, Legal and Economic Condition: Economic slowdown and highly restrict policies of the global countries is one of the biggest problem for the company to expand globally. According to the Porter five forces analysis, enter of new entrants in Medicare industry in some countries is restricted due to the high legal and political regulations, which affects its global image. The economic slowdown has created a major problem in front of the company. Funds are not coming for the company and to give a tough competition to its competitors, it requires a huge amount. Additionally, there are many restrictions on trade performing within a country itself that badly affect the firm. The interest rate of the government of different countries also affects the organization. Technological and Social Conditions: At the technological and social level, Netcare faces many obstacles. With the growing population it has become difficult to provide better services to everyone. People are generally not serious about their health and take this quite lightly. This affects the company in promoting themselves. Additionally, further work on RD can improve the firms product in order to provide better services. Key Drivers of Change in the Industry: On the basis of above SWOT, PEST and Porters Five Force analysis there are many drivers of change in the industry. These drivers are political, ecumenical, regulatory, and technological chan ges. Innovative technology and information systems, has changed the perspective of Medicare industry. High political restrictions and high authenticity of the medicines restrict the new players to enter in the industry. All the companies have to follow transparency and integrity with its suppliers and customers to retain for long term. The bargaining power of suppliers is high because of limited resources that also shape the growth of the industry. On the other hand, bargaining power of consumers are low because they wants highly authenticates medical services for their good health and effective treatment. Customer consciousness towards health is also a key driver for the changes in the industry. Additionally, satisfied shareholders and the employees are the key elements in the development of an organization and industry. Some other important drivers of the industry are consolidation, intense global competition for market share, lack of researcher, global competition for high skilled employees and availability of venture capital. Answer 2: Evaluation of Competitive Environment of Netcare through porters Five Forces Analysis According to the strategic framework, in this competitive and changing world, there are various forces in the external environment of an organization that are more powerful than the organization itself and are beyond their control. These external industry environment forces influence the operations of the organization in various ways and these also help the firm to evaluate the competitive environment. In order to understand the competitive environment of Netcare, Porters five force analysis model is one of the best techniques. Porters five forces contribute and shape the competition in the Medicare industry to which Netcare belongs, in the following manner: Threat of New Entrants: Netcare is a well established company and expanding its business in South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Canada, UK, Australia, etc. Threat from the new en trants is very low for the company. In order to enter in the Medicare industry, the firm should have a huge amount of capital with the licensing and patent of particular medicines. This is one of the strongest points for Netcare that it has many patents that cannot be gained by new players. It also poses economies of scales to manage economic slowdown. In which markets the company operates, the political and legal restrictions of these markets are also barriers for the entry of new players. Therefore, new companies have no threat for Netcare and also there are high entry barrier for the new companies that are planning to enter the Medicare. Bargaining Power of Customers: This is another force that influences the competitive condition of the Medicare Industry. Its influence depends upon the possibilities of the buyers forming the groups or cartels. The bargaining power of the customers influences not only the prices that a company charge from them but also the cost and investme nts because powerful customers usually bargain for better services. In this industry the bargaining power of customer is average. The rival companies are serving consumers with innovative health care facilities, thus, it is a serious situation for the development of Netcare. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Quite often, suppliers too exercise considerable bargaining power over companies. The more specialized the offering from the supplier, greater is his clout and if the suppliers are also limited in number, they stand a still better chance to exhibit their bargaining power, which determines the cost of raw materials and other inputs of the industry. In the Medicare Industry, the suppliers of the raw material usually have high bargaining power because of the limited numbers. The company has a limitation to use authenticate products and services of health care, thus the bargaining power of suppliers is high and competition in intensive for Netcare. Threats from Substitutes: Subst itute products are a potential source of competition in the Medicare Industry. Substitute products offering a price advantage and performance improvement to the patients can drastically alter the competitive character of the industry. Although there are many problems for the growth of company, but the medicines and health care facilities which have companys patents cannot be provided by any other company. Additionally, in the international market of the company such as South Africa, Europe, UK, etc, the health care and Medicare facilities are at low ground. Thus, threat from substitute products is quite low for Netcare. Rivalry among Current Players: The rivalry among current or existing players is an idea that can be normally understood as competition. For any player, competitors influence prices as well as the costs of competing in the industry, production facilities, product development, advertising, sales force, etc. In this Medicare industry the competition is intensified be cause there are many players with innovative facilities and health care services they are equally balanced. Netcare has lack of effective communication tools, CRM system, and Information technologies, which provide a competitive advantage to its competitors. Inadequate funds, lack of proper staff, low morale among employees, etc, are also a problem for the company to increase strengths of competitors. Strategies used by Netcare to Manage Competition: In order to manage the competitive environment of Global Medicare industry, the company has focused on three strategic approaches operational excellence, Physicians partnership, and Best and Safest patience care. All these three approaches are used by the company to manage competitive environment and create competitive advantage over its competitors. In order to maintain operational excellence, the company has implemented a program of System Application and Product (SAP) to drive the share service centers of its all hospitals. Addition lay the company has also utilized the IT enabled services of UKs 28 hospitals to improve its services and communicate with patients and staff effectively. Apart from this, in order to improve the abilities of staff members and retain doctors and physicians for long time, the company has focused on partnership deals with the physicians and doctors of private hospitals. The company has invested a huge amount in Africa and UK to implement the training session for the physicians and staff members. Additionally, the company has also invested to execute innovative technologies for nursing training. By using all these technologies and training programs, the company wants to improve the skills and features of the nursing staff so that the company can provide better services to the patients as per their expectation as well as create competitive advantage over its competition to be a long term players of global Medicare industry. Answer 3: Key Issues of Netcare and Recommend ations As Netcare is one of biggest company in Global Medicare Industry. Expansion of a firm in the international market is a very critical because of unpredictable and changing environment. Although it is a successful company, but it has also some issues and problem related to external and internal environment. These key issues and the recommendations are as follow: Patient complaints: One of the main issues of Netcare is the complaints of the patients. Patients complaints are not taken seriously by the nursing staff and management of the company and they feel difficulty to register their complaints. This issue de-motivates patients and diverse them towards the other medical facilities provides by the competitors. This may affect the financial position and profitability of the firm. In this concern, it is necessary for Netcare to implement a CRM program, to resolve the queries of Patients and effectively address their complaints. Lack of Facilities for Patient Care: Anothe r major issue of Netcare is the lack of adequate resources and facilities for the caring of patients. Patients cares have not been upgraded since many times which need to be enhanced. Although the technologies have been upgraded but many facilities that are needs to be provided to patients are not available in the organization. On the other hand, the competitors of the firm are providing latest and innovative health care facilities. In order to resolve this problem, it is essential for the company to implement latest technologies and health care services and the number of physician should be increased. Inadequate information of Patients: The management of Netcare is focused only on the development of medicine, mainly in mental health care, and it has avoid other aspects like implementation of Innovative technologies, information and communication system, CRM process, etc. The management and staff have not any adequate system to collect adequate information about patients. Patient s always roam here and there in lack of information about where to go. It is essential for the company to implement a IS and CRM system to communicate with patients effectively. Notice board should be there to place duty chart and Doctors locations so that the patients can find out their locations easily. Different cells have to be made to provide the information regarding different facilities of the organization. Lack of Proper strategies to implement new facilities and enhance the existing Services: The Company also faces the problem in the introduction of new health care facilities because of limited resources and lack of innovative technologies. Additionally, lack of effective technologies also restricted the firm to enhance its existing services and facilities for the current and future patients. With the advancement in technology, it would become quite easy to introduce new facilities to the patients. It is being expected from such a big organization like Netcare to have th ese facilities. The health care facilities currently provided by the firm are also not in well condition. Financial Position: Maintaining a strong financial position is also a key challenge for the company. As the company is running on no profit basis and providing free services to some patients, the profitability of the company is not very good. The company can charge a nominal amount from the patients not to make them habituated of this practice. This would also be beneficial for the firm to collect funds and implement new information technologies. The company can also get make deal with non-profit organizations, government health care institutions and other health care agencies to Lack of Effective Nursing Programs for the Staff Members: The Company is also suffering with the problem of effective training and development program for the employees. In this highly changing and diversified environment, It is really difficult for the staff and management of a hospital to fulfil l the needs and requirements of each patients. The organization has failed to provide highly qualified nursing staff because of the lack of nursing staffs technologies. . The company should encourage new person and trained them in order to satisfy the lacking of qualified nursing staff. Issue related to the Retaining of Doctors in Africa: The foremost issue of the company is that due to the lack of basic facilities in African health care industry, employee turnover of medical staff mainly doctors is high. The company has not any proper solution to retain them for long time. The basic facilities in Africa are not up to the standard, so the doctors are not willing to stay there. In order to resolve this problem, the company should motivate doctors by providing their appraisal and additional facilities in both monetary and non-monetary terms. Lack of Innovative Systems that are required for the Global Development: Another key issue related to the development and growth of Netcare is the lack of effective and innovative information systems to collect data and analyze the demands and needs of the customers. The information system and communication facilities through online and offline media sources would allow the firm to understand the requirements of the patients. With the lack of efficient data the efficiency of the company is also being affected. The company should introduce a strong MIS system to support its work efficiently. Answer 4: Internal Environment Analysis through Resource Based View The framework of resource based view model is mainly used to identify the strengths of internal strategic resources of a company. According to this RBV model, the resources of the company are analyzed on the basis of following factors: Values, Rarity, Inimitability and Non-substitutable. As in this model, main focus is given on these four attributes of internal resources to sustain a competitive advantage. In this RBV framework of internal analysis, all the el ements are directly linked with each other and contribute in the success of the company. It is so, as valuable, rare, inimitable and Non-substitutable resources assist the organization in maintaining its competitive advantage. This RBV analysis would be beneficial for Netcare to identify what resources are creating competitive advantage and how the company can improve its strengths. Value: According to this element all the resources of the company should create value for the company. If the resources do not deliver value return to the company, they are worthless and increases operating cost of the company. According to this element, all the resources of an organization have their own value to achieve the goals and targets of the company. Company has valuable resources through which it has become possible for the management to manage profitability. According to the given case study, Netcare, It has more than 75 medical and dental centers across South Africa. Additionally, co mpany has more than 18,877 employees with professional skills and capabilities to manage high quality services for the patients. The company treats it HR and customers as an important strategic asset to develop value for the firm. The facilities in South African Medicare industry are not well established, which is a biggest problem for the company. The doctors and other clinical employees do not produce efficiency for the company because of lack of innovative facilities. Rarity: This is the second element of the framework of this model. If the valuable resource is already owned by the other organization, the business firm cannot consider it as the source of creating competitive advantage. The meaning of rarity can be explained as the critical resources of the firm that cannot be sustained by others. According to this case study, companys resources are not matched the criteria defined by Rarity. Company has not innovative facilities, IS system, CRM process, etc. but its competitor s have all these system, which is problem for the future growth of the firm. One of the main strength of the company is the high number of Patents. Company has many patents and licensed in comparison to its competitors and it also provides low cost services with a good reputation. Although the company have professionals and capable employee to manage with emergence situation in comparison to its competitors, but it is really very difficult to match the level of competitors due to the lack of latest and innovative information technologies. Inimitability: It means distinctiveness, which is one of the most important elements to create value of the strategic resources of an organization. Inimitable or unique resources of the company assist the firm to generate long-term profits. Achievement of value and rarity in the strategic resources of organization eventually differentiate the resources of the firm and put them into the lost of unique resources. According to Netcare case st udy the distinct resources and strengths of the company is its patents and trademarks for the medical facilities. The unique resources that distinct its services and facilities from the competitors are the availability of mental treatment and medicines. Lack of management information system and enterprise resources planning is one of the weaknesses of the company to create uniqueness and development inimitability among resources. These elements are a good source to manage the changing climate of the economy. Due to the innovations and unpredictable business environment, development of inimitability is a complicated task for the business firms. It is very difficult for Netcare to attain inimitability in the organizations, but uses of high quality practices and knowledge of experts can help to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Non-substitutable: This element of the resource based view model is mainly dependent upon the achievement of the sustainable competitive advant age for the firms and the resources that are non-substitutable. If the company have non-substitutable resources, it would be difficult for the competitors to cope with the strategic performance of the firm. The effective approach of company in mental health care sectors and patents and trademark of medicines are the non-substitutable products for the firm. The medicines and heath facilities, which have companys patent are non-substitutable products and services to create competitive advantage. Apart from this, in the European, African and UK markets, where the health care facilities are at low ground the medical services of mental health provide by Netcare are really appreciable and advantageous for the growth of the company. These non-substitutable resources will also assist the organization in fulfilling the requirements of the work force and providing support to them for effectively performing in the work environment. Answer 5: Strategic Approach of Netcare As Netcare is operating at the international level, it has decided to use different strategic approaches to become successful. Netcare has adopted mainly three strategies to support its business like HR strategy, transformational strategy and expansion strategy. These three strategic approaches of the business firm have greatly influenced the overall business performance of the company. According to the given case study, Netcare is suffering with the problems like ineffective management of HR and other tangible resources. As its business is settled in South Africa and it is really very difficult to retain the skilled persons and doctors in this industry for long time, due to the lack of effective facilities and higher wages. All these three strategic approaches are also given in the module. Strategic Approach to manage HR: Netcare was facing problem with the lack of nursing staff as the skilled nursing staff do not want to work in South Africa. Thus, it is essential of Netcare to adopt different HR strategy and provide training and development programs to support its business in South Africa as well as become successful in UK. These training and development programs would allow the company to motivate employees to be the part of company for long term. To handle this situation Netcare has used its HR strategy quite efficiently to overcome this problem. Netcare has started giving training to the nursing staff and as well as it has increased their number also in order to overcome this situation. In 2007 only Netcare has trained more than 3700 nurses under this strategy. Netcare has developed special packages for nurses to retain them with the company as well. The company has also wisely adopted its HR strategy in order to retain doctors in South Africa. As the country is not well developed so the doctors from other countries do not want to stay there. With the help of this strategy, the company has become able to retain doctors and established the company as em ployer of choice. As a part of its HR strategy Netcare has launched partnership schemes with the doctors in UK and expanded more than 60 practice development groups across their hospitals. Netcare has provided state-of-the-art facilities to its doctors. This has helped the company to attract additional 162 medical specialists in the year 2007. Approach of Transformation Strategy: Netcare has successfully implicit the transformation strategy throughout its operations and the society in which it operates. As a part of this strategy Netcare has invested R 37 million on corporate social investment. The transformational strategy of the company is based on the moral perspective that includes the clear and the goal to be achieved. These strategies of the company generally focus employment equity and enterprise development basically in South Africa. As a part of this strategy company has entered in a partnership with the government to improve the healthcare sector in the country . Netcare has also provided holistic solution to those families as a part of this strategy who cannot afford the private healthcare. Netcare has developed different solutions to cater the need of its shareholder in order to support their return. As Netcare has been the leader in the industry though it has to take further action to serve the rest of the society in Africa as competition is highly developing in the sector. Company has given emphasis to its social responsibility as a part of its strategy. The strategy has helped the company to be rated among the top in the industry. The strategy has helped the company to come up with new and advanced technology to serve the society better. Approach of Expansion Strategy: Expansion strategy is another strategy that company adopted in order to internationalize itself. Netcare has also begun its operations outside Africa in the year 1997. In the year 2002 Netcare first entered the UK with the partnership with NHS and viewed the op portunity to explore there. Netcare has greatly adopted its acquisition strategy to generate high revenue instead of low growth rate of the industry in UK. The company has also grown through PPP strategy that has been popularized in the surrounding markets of South Africa. As a part of this strategy company has opened 91 bed hospitals with the help of Nalithemba Hospital. These initiatives have provided company with strong presence in PPP and allowed the management to expand globally. Netcare has successfully implemented the penetration strategy in UK because of the similar nature of market. In order to meet its expansion strategy the company has gone through various acquisitions. The company has takeover BMI Healthcare one of the largest private hospital in UK to support its business outside. This acquisition has provided company with strong great infrastructure, property and facilities. This acquisition has established company as a leading international health care-solution. As a part of its internationalization the company entered in a high profile joint venture with Rwanda government to open a world class hospital. This has helped company to get familiar with the social and cultural trend of the country to further expand. Netcare also look for the opportunities in other countries and it has developed an international division to look for opportunities. The division has contributed nearly R 80 million to the revenue of the company mainly through patient referral. Netcare is now looking for further expansion either by acquisition or by public private partnership to support its internationalization. Answer 6: Identification and Evaluation of Various Options to Continue Competitive Advantage in Netcare In order to become successful and remain competitive in this highly changing and competitive environment, Netcare is approaching middle age. It is necessary for Netcare to maintain its competitive advantage by utilizing its core competencies and m inimize its weaknesses. In order to cope with the competitors in the international market and remain profitable it is essential to implement some strategies to maintain competitive advantage and utilize the opportunities available in the international market. Netcare is continuously expanding its market in both South Africa and UK. The Medicare industry of South Africa and UK is not so developed and well established, thus it is a challenging tasks for Netcare to be competitive for long term. Netcare should consider different options that ensure it about continuous competitive advantage and long term success. Some options and recommendations for Netcare to retail long term competitive advantage are as follows: Low Cost High Volume Service: Netcare provides low cost service to its customers with a wide range of services. Although the Medicare industry of South Africa and UK is highly critical but the still company serve with good quality services and wide range of medicines wit hin low cost, so that the patients can get excellence services. It enables Netcare to deal with different private patients because these patients easily afford Netcares services. So, it is recommended to Netcare that it should maintain its low cost for customer by reducing its service cost. It should also maintain the wide range of services at lower rate. It can reduces its service cost by reducing the wages cost for its employees and by purchasing the necessary equipment at lower cost. At the same time it is also important for Netcare to maintain the quality of services. In order to improve its profitability, the firm should deal with the non-profit organizations and other government health institutions to provide innovative machineries and techniques for the speedy check up of patients. Use of Practice Physician: In private hospital businesses general practice physician plays an important role to enhance the operational excellence and improve quality of services. Thus, it is essential for the company to Hire practitioner and professionals in different medical filed. Additionally, the company should hire assistants and nursing staff for these practitioners and physicians, so that they can serve patients patiently within minimum time. Innovative information system and other medical technology would also help the physicians to serve the patients in a better way. Netcare also provides high level of training program to these physicians. It helps Netcare to attract large number of physicians for its service. According to this case, in the UK, Netcare launched a partnership schemes with doctor and established practice development group that provides their services across all the hospitals. So, it is recommended to Netcare that it should start those partnership schemes in South Africa also that help it in several ways. Combination of Experience Senior Team: Netcare should combine the experienced senior team from both South Africa and UK to maintain its c ompetitive advantage in both markets. Combination of senior teams with fresher practitioners will reduce the additional cost of recruitment. It is because if combination doesnt take place then it will increase this cost. Thus, it will help Netcare to expand its business and maintain competitive advantage. Implementation of various IT and MIS systems: In order to improve the operational excellence the firm should implement various IS system and CRM programs to maintain patient database. As the company has executed SAP system in South Africa, it should also implement this facility in UK industry. It provides efficiency in the business operation. Netcare should try to integrate all its hospitals from both South Africa and the UK through the use of IT system. It is because with the help of IT system important information is easily transferred from one place to another and helps in saving both time and cost for Netcare. With the use of IT and communication systems, senior managers and senior staff can easily transfer their experience with other inexperience staff in a short time period. Clinical Governance Program: Netcare should start a clinical governance program that helps in describing about clinical pathways such as reduce variability from services and provide safer care to patients. In order to control trauma and ICU infection, Netcare has developed its own clinical governance guidelines. This is one of the strongest points of the company. This helps Netcare to decrease the hospital infection rate in South Africa. This program increases the number of patients for Netcare. It is recommended to Netcare that it should maintain the performance of this program and also try to make this program effective. Skilled and talented Human Resources: In Netcare, as there is lack of skilled nurses for its business, so it is necessary that Netcare to hire experts and trained nurses. It should create a post of employer who would be responsible for the recruitme nt and development of these nurses. It should also acquire the skilled staff through effective recruitment and selection in which, people would come from different countries with different skills. With the help of above recommendations, it would be beneficial for Netcare to maintain its competitive advantage and manage its profitable position in the critical and turbulence environment of Medicare Industry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questions on strategic perspective netcares international expansion" essay for you Create order

The Toronto Maple Leafs Free Essays

The Toronto Maple Leafs will try to avoid their longest losing streak of the season when they host the struggling Minnesota Wild tonight at Air Canada Centre. Don’t miss a moment of the action live on TSN, beginning at 7pm et/4pm pt. You can also talk hockey and get game updates with TSN. We will write a custom essay sample on The Toronto Maple Leafs or any similar topic only for you Order Now ca’s Game Night blog. The Maple Leafs had won a season-high four straight games before losing regulation decision against Buffalo, the Rangers and Ottawa. It is Toronto’s fourth three-game slide of the year, but the first one with all three losses coming in regulation. Toronto, which is three points behind Florida and Pittsburgh for the final two playoff spots in the Eastern Conference, hasn’t dropped four in a row since an 0-3-1 stretch from Nov. 26-Dec. 2 of last season. The Wild have also lost three straight (0-2-1) and are just 2-10-4 in their last 16 trips to the ice. Minnesota is currently ninth in the Western Conference with 51 points after leading the NHL with 43 points on Dec. 10. Toronto scored the first two goals in Tuesday’s game against visiting Ottawa, but the Sens scored three unanswered goals and Craig Anderson made 37 saves to lift the visitors to a 3-2 decision. Joffrey Lupul and Matthew Lombardi scored for the Maple Leafs, while James Reimer made 18 saves in his first start since December 31. â€Å"We let them hang around,† Lombardi said. â€Å"They took advantage of their opportunities and stuck with it. We got away from our game a few times and it bit us in the end. † Toronto has lost the first two tests on a five-game homestand and is 12-7-4 as the host this season. The team will look to Jonas Gustavsson in goal this evening, who is 0-2 with a 3. 03 goals-against average and . 91 save percentage in his last two outings – a lose to the New York Rangers and Buffalo Sabres. Minnesota, meanwhile, played Tuesday night in Philadelphia and was dealt a 5-1 setback by the Flyers, who went 2-for-6 on the power play and outshot the Wild, 34-26. Former Flyer Darroll Powe supplied the lone goal for Minnesota, while Josh Harding surrendered five goals on 34 shots in the loss — the 10th in row on the road for the Wild. †Å"Bad things happened to us when we were in first place and we were winning a lot of hockey games [because] we overcame them. Right now we let those affect us in a very negative way,† said Wild head coach Mike Yeo. Minnesota is just 10-11-4 as the visiting team this season and is completing a four-game road trip tonight. The Wild’s last road win came on Dec. 10 at Phoenix and the club is 0-8-2 as the guest since then. Tonight’s tilt marks the one scheduled meeting between the Wild and Leafs this season. Toronto posted a 3-0 win in St. Paul last year and has taken six of the nine all-time meetings in this series. The Wild earned their first-ever win in Toronto when the clubs last met at the ACC on Nov. 10, 2009. How to cite The Toronto Maple Leafs, Papers

Symbolism In The Glass Menagerie Essays - English-language Films

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie The play The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, Williams uses many symbols which represent many different things. Many of the symbols used in the play try to symbolize some form of escape or difference between reality and illusion. The first symbol, presented in the first scene, is the fire escape. This represents the "bridge" between the illusory world of the Wingfields and the world of reality. This "bridge" seems to be a one way passage. But the direction varies for each character. For Tom, the fire escape is the way out of the world of Amanda and Laura and an entrance into the world of reality. For Laura, the fire escape is a way into her world. A way to escape from reality. Both examples can readily be seen: Tom will stand outside on the fire escape to smoke, showing that he does not like to be inside, to be a part of the illusionary world. Laura, on the other hand, thinks of the fire escape as a way in and not a way out. This can be seen when Amanda sends Laura to go to the store: Laura trips on the fire escape. This also shows that Laura's fears and emotions greatly affect her physical condition, more so than normal people. Another symbol presented deals more with Tom than any of the other characters: Tom's habit of going to the movies shows us his longing to leave the apartment and head out into the world of reality. A place where one can find adventure. And Tom, being a poet, can understand the needs of man to long for adventure and romance. But he is kept from entering reality by Amanda, who criticizes him as being a "selfish dreamer." But, Tom has made steps to escape into reality by transferring the payment of a light bill to pay for his dues in the Merchant Seaman's Union. Another symbol, which deals with both Amanda and Laura, is Jim O'Connor. To Laura, Jim represents the one thing she fears and does not want to face, reality. Jim is a perfect example of "the common man." A person with no real outstanding quality. In fact, Jim is rather awkward, which can be seen when he dances with Laura. To Amanda, Jim represents the days of her youth, when she went frolicking about picking jonquils and supposedly having "seventeen gentlemen callers on one Sunday afternoon." Although Amanda desires to see Laura settled down with a nice young man, it is hard to tell whether she wanted a gentleman caller to be invited for Laura or for herself. One symbol which is rather obvious is Laura's glass menagerie. Her collection of glass represents her own private world. Set apart from reality, a place where she can hide and be safe. The events that happen to Laura's glass affects Laura's emotional state greatly. When Amanda tells Laura to practice typing, Laura instead plays with her glass. When Amanda is heard walking up the fire escape, she quickly hides her collection. She does this to hide her secret world from the others. When Tom leaves to go to the movies in an angered rush, he accidentally breaks some of Laura's glass. The shattered glass represents Laura's understanding of Tom's responsibilities to her. Also, the unicorn, which is important, represents Laura directly. Laura points out to Jim that the unicorn is different, just as she is different. She also points out that the unicorn does not complain of being different, as she does not complain either. And when Jim breaks the horn off the unicorn, Laura points out that now it is like the other horses, just as Laura has shed some of her shyness and become more normal. When she hands the broken unicorn to Jim, this might represent Laura handing over her broken love to Jim, as Jim has revealed that he is engaged to be married. As can be seen, there are quite a few symbols in this play. And a number of them have diverse meanings. Most of these symbols have a direct meaning in the author's own life. This is understandable seeing that the play is supposed to be "memory play." It

The Mexican type of government

The Mexican type of government is a presidential federal republic. The government has a president and a cabinet. It also has a bicameral legislature, and a judiciary. The government has the three traditional branches that the United States has- the executive, legislative, and judiciary branches. The executive branch makes most of the policy making. The judiciary branches, does however have the right to use judicial review. The executive branch is lead b the president. The president can be elected to a six year term, but cannot under any circumstances, run for re-election. They must be at least thirty-five years old, born in Mexico, and their parents must be Mexican by birth. The president is the dominating authority in the government with close to absolute power. The legislative branch is two branches of government of deputies, and senators. There are sixty-four senators are directly elected. Two are from each state and the federal district. The chamber of deputies is composed of about 300 members elected by relative majority. The judiciary branch is basically the supreme court. There are twenty-one justices. The president appoints them and the upper house approves them. They must be of Mexican birth. They must be between thirty-five and sixty-five years old. They must have held a professional law degree for five years. The Mexican constitution was adopted in 1917. Previous versions of the Mexican constitution were drafted or proposed, and one laid out the basic structure (1857). This was during conflict and social upheaval in the nation. The Mexican constitution was influenced by both Spanish law, and the United States constitution. The most striking statements of the constitution are that there is freedom of religion but that another article negates any idea of separation of church and state. Also, it says that anyone arrested is guilty until proven innocent, the opposite of that in the U...

5 Benefits of Accepting an Internship After College

5 Benefits of Accepting an Internship After College Not everyone can graduate college and go straight into a full-time well-paid position. And those who do are often at entry-level. Why not consider a post-graduate internship: one year of servitude in exchange for possible future advantages? Here are 5 benefits  of accepting an internship after college.1. Buy timeA year-long internship gives you an entire year of freedom to figure out where your interests and skills really lie and what sort of job you’d most like to be your first. It’s the best time to take stock and find the track that’s right for you, before plonking your train onto it and charging off into your professional life for good.Soul search, network, look for new opportunities, figure out in which direction you’d most like to push yourself. And remember that a year is short and the time will likely fly.2. Try on a new cityIf you land an internship in a new place, consider it an opportunity to try that city out before committing with a permanen t move. If towards the end of your internship, you find yourself less than thrilled with your physical surroundings, you’ll know where not to direct your job applications.3. Boost your resumeBottom line: internships make your resume look better. Most companies actually consider them a prerequisite for most quality jobs. Having this year on your resume can actually give you a competitive edge when you hit the job market for real.4. Get paidMost unpaid internships get away with being unpaid by offering college credit. But you’ve already graduated! They’ll have to pay you, however meekly. Take advantage of this by working extra hours whenever possible. You’ll prove your diligence and devotion, and start paying off those student loans!5. Use your degreeDon’t want to work alongside a sophomore who just wants to spend a semester in the city partying? Don’t worry. There are internships out there especially designed for college graduates. These will value your accomplishments and help you to make the most of your degree, rather than making you feel you’ve taken a step backward.In short, never underestimate the power of the internship to jumpstart your career.

Analysis of Gail Tsukiyama's novel The Samurai's Garden Essay

Analysis of Gail Tsukiyama's novel The Samurai's Garden - Essay Example As highlighted by Stephen, apart from the fact that his parents were searching for a recuperating place for him, they were also protecting his younger sister from being infected by his disease. In Tarumi; Stephen is cared for by Matsu, a reticent housekeeper and a master gardener. During his continual stay with Matsu, Stephen learns Matsu’s secret and gains not only physical strength, but also profound spiritual insight. Analysis Throughout the novel there is an underlying sense of society being out of place, characterized with crazy ideas of honor and the fact that there was a war going on. This is reflected in the quote below; "When I first arrived at Tarumi, I wondered how Matsu could spend so much time in the garden. But the more time I spend here, the easier it is to see there's something very seductive about what Matsu has created." Stephen, Autumn, p. 31. The undoing stories of his new friends, war, and family eventually brings him to the beginnings of wisdom, love, hon or and loss. The basic argument of the novel is loyalty and honor found in Japanese culture. The significance of the novel’s title is attained through the complex relationship that exists between the characters and the physical adversities and conflicts they face. Gail Tsukiyama also alludes to one’s ability to build upon life as opposed to mere acceptance. Themes Coming of age By the time Stephen prepares to spend time at Tarumi, he was a mature man. However, his maturity is more revealed from the interaction with others and their impact they had on him. "When you're well again, this period of your life will simply be a quiet memory." Stephen's father, Autumn, p. 20. In this quote, Stephen father encourages Stephen of his illness and this gives him a lot of hope and hence mental maturity. The novel starts with Stephen feeling as if he has been exiled. Regardless of these feelings, he is anxious to be kind to the old caretaker of his family beach house and he and Matsu soon find a common ground. The time spend between the two makes Stephen realize that he actually has less knowledge about Matsu as a young man when his family visited the beach house on vacation. As Matsu introduces him to the surrounding environment, Stephen also becomes acquainted with Matsu’s friends who include Sachi and Kenzo. The closer he becomes with these two the more he learns about their lives and entanglements. "When some of those who had the disease were no longer wanted by others in town, they took what few belongings they had and went up into the mountains." Matsu, Autumn, p. 23. In the end, we learn as Stephen does about life, loyalty to family and friends, attachments, betrayal but most importantly is the unconditional love. The authors’ writing is crystalline and delicate as shown in her evocation of time and place. This quite tale of affection between people whose countries are at war speaks of humanity that transcends geopolitics. As witnessed in t he novel, Stephen becomes more and more ingrained in the daily lives surrounding the beach house while Japan begins to invade China. While the main characters of the novel have transverse their own difficulties and hardships; bringing every character to experience their own individual loneliness and sorrow is a true revelation that people are characterized by necessary tools to survive despite of the world. This

The Value of University Education Research Paper

The Value of University Education - Research Paper Example Gradual developments in the field of educational grading and prescribed patterns of course designs in various trades evolved the institution of higher education centers called the universities. Presently, the academic sector of the entire globe is monitored by different universities according to the standards and expectations set by them. As the employment sector has grown enormously out of proportion with equal rise in merit expectations and with the conceptual development in business thoughts, employers have identified the need for acquiring high-end brains among the university graduates. Under the prevailing conditions in which successful university education is becoming the paramount demand for acquiring a position in better companies, a comparative study of the values of the two educational streams – university graduation and high school graduation – is necessary for better understanding the prospects of the students from either stream. Strength of University Gradu ation The prime edge of the university education is it adds value to the knowledge of individuals from the socio-ethical perspective beyond the limited time-bound courses most of the students learn for fixing their position in the job market. While studying in a university campus, the students get elaborate exposure to different cultural and ethnic groups. This exposure takes them to the heights where they shine in the glory of technical aspects of their educational trade with ethical concern and social responsibility. According to certain observations â€Å"university degrees provide students with the knowledge and skills that help make their lives meaningful and rewarding, and strengthen their contributions to society† (â€Å"Ensuring the values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). A graduation from a reputed university doubtlessly guarantees all spheres of qualification for the student – spiritual strength, academic excellence, forbearance and sprit of competition, which eventually tur ns them fit for adapting to changing conditions of professional ambience. The spiritual merit of an individual plays a vital role in the formation of his successful personal life with capabilities to accept challenges and workout plans for action in a perfect way. From the academic point of view, students obtain grass-root level standard of knowledge with enough practical experiences and the element of group learning by studying in a university. The prospects of patience containing competitive spirit help students frame sufficient amount of self discipline which is a requirement for achieving higher targets. Moreover, a graduation from the university enables them to prepare themselves for better careers or for choosing higher education in various streams of excellence. The provision for graduate level expectations set by universities also helps students and educators estimate the desired standards of education students are expected to attain from their university graduation. This sy stematized training and evaluation pattern helps the hirers and policy makers in designing the courses according to the standards set for the academic as well as professional qualifications for separate careers. Benefits of university education – individuals and society The importance of higher education from a university is reflected in the field of modern business world. It also provides better living standards and stability of income for the successful candidate as the investors of business

Separation of Powers UK

Separation of Powers UK What was the purpose of the ‘separation of powers as originally envisaged? How does it operate in contemporary practice? Note: Headers have been removed to show that word count is not breached by more than 10% To answer these questions I will need to identify a few key concepts, firstly Separation of Powers and what this means- Separation of powers is the idea that the three functions of government: Legislation, execution and adjudication should be dealt with by separate branches of government: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary[1]. When it comes to the phrase ‘Originally envisaged it has to be worked out who is being referred to the- Montesquieu is the person generally linked with the phrase separation of powers which he wrote about in The Spirit of the Laws. I will speak about Montesquieu views in the first section of the essay. ‘Originally Envisaged may however also refer to the views of the founding fathers and in particular those that contributed to the Federalist papers as they wrote numerous times about the importance of the separation of powers. (To tackle how it was originally envisaged I will make reference to documents written by these parties and extensively use q uotes from The Spirit of Laws, The Federalist Papers and the American Constitution to back up my points and to analysis what they originally envisaged) I will write about this in the section after discussing Montesquieu and his views on ‘Separation of powers. These two sections will answer the section of the question on how ‘Separation of Powers was ‘Originally envisaged; I will then discuss what the purpose of ‘Separation of Powers was according with relation to Montesquieu The Founding Fathers. I will then go onto answer the second part of the question- Outlining where ‘Separation of Powers is not being strictly followed and where problems exist within the system and where ‘Separation of Powers is followed in Contemporary America. Montesquieu is an important figure when discussing Separation of Powers due to his book The Spirit of the Laws in which he outlines why the Separation of Powers is necessary and how it should be separated. Montesquieu discusses how ‘Democratic and Aristocratic states are not necessarily free ‘Tis necessary that by the very disposition of things power should be a check to power'[2] In other words there should be checks and balances to ensure Liberty can exist. Ensuring Liberty is a key theme in The Spirit of Laws and could be seen as the purpose of the ‘Separation of powers according to Montesquieu. But to be able to tell if this operates successfully in contemporary practice we must look at we must look at how Montesquieu explains it- he uses the British constitution as his main example[3] seeing the British system as one that was a free state[4]. He sees the reason for this is because of the independence that exists between the different bodies- ‘Legislative , Executive and Judiciary stating that There is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers'[5] this system of power being restrained by other powers[6] is the reason according to Montesquieu why the British constitution could ensure Liberty. These regulations on power had in Montesquieus opinion the power to stop corruption or tyranny as he believes that ‘Every man invested with power is apt to abuse it'[7] This is an argument for the separation of powers as the statement ‘Every Man suggests that any person given absolute power will ‘abuse it, It is important to note however this does not mean that Montesquieu favoured democracy he simply believes that as long as there is separation of powers liberty is ensured he even states that most Kingdoms of Europe enjoy moderate government[8] Not because of any democratic principle but because ‘the prince who is invested in the first two powers, leaves the third to hi s subject'[9] (The third power referring to the Judiciary). Montesquieu places much emphasis on judicial independence, which is important to note as it will become relevant when looking at how it operates in contemporary practice as the appointments by the executive to the Supreme Court may be a potential problem. Another point to note within this section is how separate Montesquieu intended the different bodies to be- whilst he stated that they should remain separate he also mentions that if ‘The legislature think itself in danger by some conspiracy against the state It might authorise the executive power, for a short and limited time, to imprison suspected persons'[10] this suggests that whilst Montesquieu believed that separation was necessary he also believed that if necessary the different parts of government should be able to interact in such a way if it is deemed necessary. It is also important to make clear that Separation does not mean that the 3 different parts will not be able to communicate, indeed Montesquieu believes it necessary for example the Judiciary to be informed of law from the legislature and that they must follow the ‘exact letter of the law'[11]. To summarise Montesquieus views on Separation of Powers I would say that he believes that the purpose of the Separation of the three bodies of government is to ensure that power is not abused, however as mentioned previously there are some limitations to this separation which can be summed up by Montesquieu himself ‘Should abuses creep into one part, they can be reformed by those that remain sound'[12]. Montesquieu is important as he heavily influenced the founding fathers during the creation of the American Constitution and it can be seen that the founding fathers have built upon Montesquieus writings in The Spirit of the Laws, It should be noted however that although Montesquieu was the first person to write about the Separation of in the way it is contemporary understood, there are many links to Polybius and the concept of a mixed constitution[13], Polybius also mentions separate branches of government[14] and as such is important to note along with Montesquieu when discussi ng separation of powers. I will now discuss what the Founding fathers (Specifically those involved with the drafting and approval of the constitution) thought of the Separation of powers as how they ‘Originally Envisaged is crucial to answering the second part of the question, this section will be less detailed than the section on Montesquieu as they were heavily influenced by Montesquieu (Which I will prove later) so will share much of the same purpose and views on the Separation of powers. I will look at a few key Documents from the Federalist papers- 47 and 51- and also at the American Constitution, the Constitution should give an insight into what was originally envisaged and the Federalist papers should give more of an insight into what the purpose was. Firstly the American constitution- the phrase ‘Separation of Powers is not found in the constitution however the principles are prevalent throughout it and the influence of the concept of ‘Separation of Powers strong, many of the constitutions of individual states specifically mention the need for separation of powers[15] Notably Virginia- ‘That the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the Commonwealth should be separate and distinct'[16]. Although the American constitution does not cite anything quite as clear as Virginias section on the Separation of powers the way it is built is clearly shows the influence of Separation of powers with legislative power being granted to Congress in the first article ‘All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress'[17] Similarly Executive power granted to the president ‘The executive Power shall be vested in a President'[18] and Judicial power ‘The judicial Power of the United S tates shall be vested in one supreme Court and in such inferior courts'[19]. It is clear that whilst separation of powers is not mentioned as it is in the Virginian constitution the principle is well and truly understood and represented by the Founding Fathers and the Constitution, these three quotes were taken from the first three articles respectively, so it can safely be assumed that the Separation of Powers in some form or another was an aim of the constitution. So as ‘Originally Envisaged the constitution shows that three distinct branches were considered necessary, with regard to what the purpose of it was we need an insight into what the Founding Fathers considered, and the Federalist papers provide such an insight which is extremely useful when trying to find out the purpose of ‘Separation of powers. I will now discuss the relevance of the Federalist papers and conclude on what they saw the purpose as. The Federalist papers were essentially pieces of propaganda designed to gain support for the constitution[20], they were written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison[21] who were all founding fathers- James Madison is of particular importance as he is considered the Father of the constitution and is said to have played a ‘Pivotal Role in the drafting of the document[22], the papers were published anonymously but the two papers I will be looking at are said to be written by- 47 (Madison) 51 (Either Hamilton or Madison)[23]. The reason I have chosen these two papers is because they both make mention of Separation of powers and as Madison is considered the Father of the constitution it will give an insight into what the purpose of Separation of Powers was as originally envisaged by the Founding Fathers in the Constitution. Firstly Paper 47, this paper by James Madison makes it clear what the purpose of Separation of powers is- it states ‘The preservation of libe rty requires that the three great departments of power should be separate and distinct'[24] so like Montesquieu the purpose is Liberty, this paper also acts to support the idea that Montesquieu was a big influence on the American Constitution with the statement ‘The oracle who is always consulted and cited on this subject is the celebrated Montesquieu'[25], as discussed in the section on Montesquieu there are caveats with the separation of powers and Madison also accepts and discusses these in this paper, using Montesquieu as his guide he considers the British constitution and how the three branches and not completely separate[26]. Paper 51 sets out in more detail how the separation of powers will work and further emphasises his purpose of support for the separation of powers ‘The great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself'[27] the important phrase here it to control itsel f, this shows an understanding of the principle of Checks and Balances as this is the way in which the government can control itself, however the general theme and purpose are shown to be the preservation of liberty. So to summarise this section I would say I have shown how both Montesquieu and the Founding fathers are agreed on the purpose of the separation of powers which is to ensure liberty, and they are both generally agreed on the idea of how this will be done- through checks and balances and the separation of the 3 branches of government, however I feel that there is one substantial difference between Montesquieu and the Founding Fathers views on the issue which is- Whilst Montesquieu makes it clear that it neednt be a democracy to ensure Liberty, Madison states that ‘dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government'[28] also Montesquieu believes that there is need for a hereditary body[29] which is not considered by Madison or the founding fathers. To start with I will identify the basics of how it operates, at its simplest level separation of powers can be considered to be the split of the 3 Branches of government into Legislative, Executive and Judiciary[30]- In contemporary America these are split thus: Legislative = Congress- including both the Senate House of Representatives Executive = President Judiciary = Supreme Court and lower courts[31] This system operates in that Executive and Legislative are elected by the public and the Judiciary are appointed by the Executive and approved by the Judiciary[32] (I will critique this as a point where Separation of powers does not exist in a later section). With separation of powers the three branches are to act as a limit to the powers of each other[33] (Checks and Balances) so I will now discuss how this operates in practice, one key way in which this exists is through impeachment, this allows the Legislative to remove the Executive from office ‘for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.'[34], this could be seen as directly meeting Montesquieus statement: ‘Should abuses creep into one part, they can be reformed by those that remain sound'[35] but it also presents a problem as it means that there is an overlap between the different branches however as I have discussed this does not mean a failure of separation of powers, it can however be considered as a potential weakness as ‘Other High Crimes and Misdemeanors is vague and open to interpretation so the ‘Abuses of power Montesquieu could exist here if the executive were to be removed unfairly by a Legislative with ulterior m otives. With the creation of legislation there are numerous checks and balances on the three branches of government I will attempt to point them all out in the explanation of the passage of a bill becoming law- Laws can come from either chamber of congress- and must be passed in both, this is a check on itself and shows the influence of the British model on the American one (as well as on Montesquieu) through the existence of two chambers in the legislature. If the bill is passed by both Chambers it then must be approved by the Executive- who can either veto it or pass it (Which means that the executive has a check on the power of the Legislature), if the executive vetoes it can be overridden by a 2/3 majority in both Chambers of the legislature, which is a check on the power of the executive. If the bill is passed then it has to be approved by the Supreme Court as being constitutional- which is a check on the power of all the other bodies.[36] As can be seen the amount of checks the separat ion of powers works well here other than with the Supreme Court having no check on it and the ability to outright reject a bill. There are a few quirks in the American system that means Separation of Powers is not as clear cut as it could be one issue being that the vice-president is also the president of the senate[37] which is a clear overlap between the Executive and legislative, however as the Vice-President only has a casting vote[38]and does not have as much power as the president in the executive this can be seen as a technical breach rather than a problematic one. Another breach which is possibly more problematic is the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court- these are appointed by the President and confirmed by the senate[39] whilst the fact that they are confirmed by the senate means that there is a check it also means that all 3 branches overlap in this area, it can create problems for the Executive when previous Presidents have appointed judges of a certain political persuasion which can be seen as an abuse of power and therefore Separation of Powers has not been met. To summarise this essay I would say that the Purpose of the Separation of Powers as Originally Envisaged- Which can refer to either Montesquieu or the Founding Fathers- is in both cases the Preservation of Liberty. Whether or not this operates in contemporary practice is debatable, I have been limited in this essay by attempting to answer two questions that potentially could be questions in their own right, I would like to have been able to explore further the Problems and Quirks but with the word limit of a single essay being imposed on two separate questions had to focus more on the questions at hand rather than being able to discuss these issues. I have attempted to use Primary sources as much as possible- My main references being The Spirit of Laws, American Constitution and The Federalist Papers as I feel that this improves the validity of my points. [1] Heywood, Andrew, (2007), Politics third Edition, Palgrave Foundations, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England Pg. 339 [2] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 200 [3] David Boucher Paul Kelly, (2009), Political Thinkers from Socrates to Present, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England Pg. 250 [4] Ibid Pg. 251 [5] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 202 [6] David Boucher Paul Kelly, (2009), Political Thinkers from Socrates to Present, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England Pg. 251 [7] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 202 [8] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 202 [9] Ibid Pg. 202 [10] Ibid Pg.204 [11] Ibid Pg. 203 [12] Ibid Pg. 184 [13] Davis Lloyd, Marshall, Polybius and the Founding Fathers: The Separation of Powers, (Written 22/09/1998 Revised 02/09/2006) Available From: http://www.mlloyd.org/mdl-indx/polybius/intro.htm, (Accessed 12/12/2009) [14] Walbank, F.W., (1990), Polybius, London, England, University of California Press Ltd., Pg. 150 [15] Vile, M.J.C., (1967), Constitutionalism and the separation of powers, Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, Pg. 119 [16] Constitution of Virginia, Article 1 Section 5, Available From http://legis.state.va.us/constitution/a1s5.htm Accessed (12/12/2009) [17] American Constitution Article 1 Section 1, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [18] Ibid Article 2 Section 1 [19] Ibid Article 3 Section 1 [20] Dahl, Robert A., (2001), How democratic is the American Constitution?, Yale University Press, United States Pg. 64 [21] Ibid Pg. 64 [22] Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/may05/constitution.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [23] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [24] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_47.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [25] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_47.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [26] Ibid [27] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_51.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [28] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_47.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [29] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 206 [30] Heywood, Andrew, (2007), Politics third Edition, Palgrave Foundations, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England Pg. 339 [31] American Constitution, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [32] McKay, David (2009), American Politics and Society, Blackwell Publishers, Printed in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd. Pg. 47 [33] David Boucher Paul Kelly, (2009), Political Thinkers from Socrates to Present, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England Pg. 251 [34] American Constitution, Article 2 Section 4, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [35] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 184 [36] McKay, David (2009), American Politics and Society, Blackwell Publishers, Printed in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd. Pg. 47 [37] American Constitution, Article 1 Section 3, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [38] Ibid [39] McKay, David (2009), American Politics and Society, Blackwell Publishers, Printed in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd. Pg. 47

Different Tongues

If I ruled the world; which is highly unlikely of course, I would ban all languages except one – Arabic. The majority of you probably disagree but tell me how many of YOU have found yourself in a class with a teacher speaking some alien language to you? Many times, I assume just like me none of you probably enjoyed it, but hated it to bits and thought of the reason as to how and why you ended up in that state. The reason as to why I chose Arabic is that it is an example of different cultures living in one language; how many Arabic countries do you know of? Syria, Saudi Arabia, Libya and the list goes on, well each one of the countries are their own, they have their own culture, own tradition but the same language, so why can't the whole world be like this? How easy would life be? Those of you who think that without different languages you can't have different culture, you can't be unique, well your wrong as trust me people from Iraq are as different to people from Syria as people from America and Africa are, and they don't have different languages, they have one – Arabic, true they may have changed words here and there but it is still the same language – they can understand each other. So now as you were just informed that it is possible to have the same language and a different culture don't you agree with me about having only one tongue, one language, one way of verbal communication the same as everyone else? It was said that there is 6,809 languages in the world – it might be possible. But that is a significant number of languages. Like for example in Afghanistan, where I come from there are two main languages – Pashto and Farsi. But as I discovered a while ago, there are many more languages in Afghanistan only the main is Farsi and Pashto and Afghanistan isn't even a big country. I am sure many of you didn't know that, I being an Afghan didn't even know until my dad informed me. So imagine if one country had many languages than how many are there in the world? IF mankind was united there would only be one and only one language! Now that exam period is here, what are you more focused on? I think the majority of you are focusing on French, Spanish or German; if not then when GCSEs come I am almost certain you will – unless you haven't taken a language or you already know that language as it is your mother tongue. Without this extra weight on our shoulders we could all become top fliers in other more important subjects such as maths and science. As the fact that learning language becomes harder to learn as we grow older is true, and if it weren't true I wouldn't mind languages but as it is true ( and we weren't taught different languages at the age which was easy for us to learn languages) and all the endless lists of vocabulary is near to impossible to learn, I would rather banish all languages off the face of this planet except one, so that no one has to suffer sitting and learning the vocabulary off by heart – just to get accepted into a good university or to obtain a good job. Aren't there far better things to spend our time on? We all have better time consuming occupations than sitting there, pulling our hair out trying to learn a language made because the human race cannot be united. One language can symbolise unity amongst humans. If animals of the same species can achieve that why can't we? Surely we are supposed to be greater than animals, with larger brains, so why don't we have one language in which everybody would be able to communicate with each other, making everyone's lives easier. Allow me to share an account I underwent a few years back, I went on holiday with my family to France, on holiday, it was great only a major thing restricted me and my family having the utmost maximum fun my achievable – different languages. We went there via ship and car, so basically we had to drive to Paris and as my dad had never been there and didn't know the way, as expected we became lost. We asked a few people but like us they had blank confused looks on their faces, as they couldn't understand us and we couldn't understand them, after a long period of time we reached Paris, but we would have reached our destination quicker if we had one language. That was only one problem, there was problems with the hotel, finding our way around to Eiffel Tower, Disney Land, matters got so bad we ended up giving up not going to Disney Land. That wasn't the only place I had gone for holiday to, that I didn't know the language of and that I had problems in. I'm fairly positive the majority of you, have also had an account like this, would you and I have undergone those problems if we all shared one tongue, one language, one way of verbal communication the same as everyone else? Imagine you were an immigrant from another country, to England, you don't know English, your parents don't know English, you moved here because of war, your father is desperately trying to make money for the family, but he is having difficulty as he doesn't know English even though he is educated. Wouldn't there be less racism if there was one tongue, one language, one way of verbal communication the same as everyone else? Wouldn't our lives overall just be easier?

Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea Secrets

Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea Secrets Introducing Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea By fishing they're in a position to feed themselves and their families. Santiago has all of the determination he needs in regards to catching the marlin. Though the huge marlin that Santiago catches is an animal, it's still regarded to be one of the primary characters. New Step by Step Roadmap for Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea The scenario, however, is very interesting for the section of the old man. He is but one man, and he's confronted with a force that's a lot more greater than himself. The old man was fishing for the majority of his life so he was well familiar with the sea. He proves he is a fisherman, what becomes the biggest award for his bravery. He does not mind. The old man and the fish are alike in some specific facets. Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea: the Ultimate Convenience! Santiago's job is dependent upon death, and through death, there's life. It holds a particular place in everybody's heart. Nonetheless, the boy proceeds to take care of the old man upon his return each evening. It is, since the boy and the guy both knew, character that's the real determiner. There are many districts in San Diego which are worth traversing. Many roads also resulted in the area and there would have been a lot of individuals passing through. Santiago demonstrates that man isn't made for defeat. It seems that Santiago has ever coveted the strong will. Mount Soledad is additionally a lovely all-natural attraction and an excellent location for mountain climbing and other outdoor pursuits. Santiago is extremely happy, because it is going to be well worth a fortune. Santiago realizes he is finally redeemed. Choosing Good Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea 1 message that's told via the story is that even though so referred to as defeat could be inevitable, there are specific ways a man must meet it. 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In fact, lots of young teens state they don't actually enjoy the book, as it will become boring to them. Several varieties of animals, for example, play important roles in the novel. In a specific sense virtue is disposed to indi viduals that are prepared for it. It teaches a lesson which everyone should learn. Needless to say, society can be cruel and unsympathetic sometimes, but whenever faced with adversity, an individual should locate a means to play on. The man does not have any doubts about his destination, and this is the place where the magic of perception arrives to action. Type of Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea A shape paragraph's objective may be to be able to support all of the thesis. Transitionscan definitely help go a highly effective discussion coupled for a great case of this dissertation. If you're still searching for a great topic for an essay, and not one of the aforementioned appeal to you, get online and look for additional topics. The precise generic classification of the job would be inconsequential though it is apparent it is considerably more than just a wonderfully written narrative. Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea Now the 1 trophy that may proudly display his w orldly efforts is totally picked apart. The struggle goes on a full day and through the evening and also the next moment. Firstly, a guy isn't made for defeat. These ways show an authentic hero. Up in Arms About Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea? For this, individuals ought to be alert to the advantages given by natural flora and the flora grown by men and women. If there's a hurricane, you always observe the indicators of it in the sky for days ahead, if you're at sea. The land must earn a difference too, in the form of the clouds. There are several people who only ride the waves. Definitions of Essay Topics for Old Man and the Sea How the shark took some portion of the fish led to bleeding. It is strong, though, and does not come up. It does not surface. To die battling such a highly effective fish wouldn't be dishonorable. He's been fishing for many decades. Notably, not one of the fishermen have been able to catch such a fish in a very long while. The marlin is, naturally, first of all, a fish.